Sorgente del Gorgazzo
Region: Friuli Venezia Giulia
Location: Polcenigo (PN)
Type: Vauclusian spring / deep flooded cave
Length: 700 m spatial development
Depth: -222 m explored; Starnawski 2019
2026 status: REGULATED DIVING
Explorers: Carbonere/Fileccia; Bolanz; Casati; Starnawski
KCore note: A major Italian geosite and one of Europe’s classic deep springs.
Grotta dell’Elefante Bianco / Ponte Subiolo
Region: Veneto
Location: Valbrenta (VI)
Type: Vauclusian spring / deep cave
Length: >630 m penetration
Depth: -292 m explored in Feb 2026
2026 status: REGULATED / EXTREME
Explorers: Bolanz, Isler, Casati, Pitała
KCore note: Currently the deepest human-explored submerged spring in Italy.
Oliero - Covol dei Siori / Covol dei Veci
Region: Veneto
Location: Valbrenta (VI)
Type: Twin karst springs / long submerged system
Length: Complex ~9 km in historical account
Depth: first siphon kilometres long; average deep sections ~40-50 m
2026 status: SPELEOSUB / LIMITED ACCESS
Explorers: Casati, Bolanz, Dell’Oro, Deriaz, Locatelli, Pennec; later Stanton & Volanthen
KCore note: One of Italy’s great long-range cave systems; 2005 connection between the two springs.
Risorgiva di Eolo
Region: Friuli Venezia Giulia
Location: Trasaghis (UD)
Type: Active river cave / terminal sumps
Length: 5,316 m known before 2026; +~300 m newly explored
Depth: terminal sumps ~10 m and ~40 m long
2026 status: RESEARCH / ACTIVE FRONTIER
Explorers: USP/CAI teams; Daniele Ceschin
KCore note: >2 km carry to the sump, underground base camp, flood hazard, then new passage beyond.
Grotta-sorgente della Dragonera
Region: Piemonte
Location: Roaschia (CN)
Type: Spring cave / terminal sump
Length: historic development source-dependent
Depth: short restrictive terminal system
2026 status: RARE PERMISSION / RESEARCH
Explorers: Cuneo, Torino and Milano groups; later Biolla, Graglia, Jarre, Eusebio
KCore note: 1968 overnight entrapment led to closure; later teams rediscovered the route.
Su Gologone
Region: Supramonte di Oliena, Sardinia
Location: Oliena (NU)
Type: Vauclusian spring
Length: ~550 m spatial development
Depth: -137 m cadastre; Cavedon ~-135 m in 2010
2026 status: PROTECTED / EXPLORATION
Explorers: International teams; Alberto Cavedon
KCore note: Sardinia’s most important spring and a Natural Monument; deep geometry unresolved.
Grotta del Bue Marino
Region: Gulf of Orosei / Dorgali, Sardinia
Location: Cala Gonone (NU)
Type: Massive coastal karst system with flooded sectors
Length: 17.4 km historic regional survey; broader connected system much larger
Depth: to ~-40 m in historic survey
2026 status: TOURIST + RESEARCH / RESTRICTED SECTORS
Explorers: GRA Dorgali, Gruppo Speleologico Sassarese, Czech teams and international expeditions
KCore note: Flagship Sardinian cave; wider Su Palu-Monte Longos-Bue Marino system is among Italy’s largest karst networks.
Grotta del Bel Torrente
Region: Gulf of Orosei / Baunei, Sardinia
Location: Costa Sisine
Type: Sea-level resurgence / multi-sump cave
Length: 7,665 m surveyed
Depth: -62 m / +97 m system range
2026 status: EXPLORATION / BOAT ACCESS
Explorers: GRA Dorgali, HFGOK, Protec Sardinia; Zistler, Wälde, Kuster, Stanton, Hoffmann and others
KCore note: Major speleo-diving system accessible only by sea.
Grotta Su Molente
Region: Baunei / Codula di Luna, Sardinia
Location: Baunei
Type: Dry cave into main flooded collector
Length: 2,630 m
Depth: multiple siphons; 32 m total vertical figure
2026 status: RESEARCH / EXPEDITION
Explorers: GSS, GRA Dorgali, CRA Bosa, Czech Speleological Society, FSS
KCore note: Classic mixed dry/sump system linking into the Codula collector.
Grotta del Fico
Region: Baunei / Costa del Bue Marino, Sardinia
Location: Baunei
Type: Coastal cave with submerged entrance/sector
Length: 2,276 m
Depth: -28 m / +41 m
2026 status: MANAGED / RESEARCH SECTORS
Explorers: Italian and German teams; HFGOK and Phreatic updates through 2023
KCore note: Three entrances including a submerged one; tourist cave + speleo-diving research overlap.
Sa Oche - Su Bentu connection
Region: Oliena / Lanaittu, Sardinia
Location: Oliena
Type: Overflow cave / terminal siphon into major system
Length: Sa Oche ~400 m; linked Su Bentu system far larger
Depth: -64 m Sa Oche figure
2026 status: RESEARCH / HYDROLOGICAL
Explorers: Multiple Sardinian groups including GSS, GRA, GSAGS
KCore note: Terminal siphon connects Sa Oche to Su Bentu; high rainfall turns Sa Oche into overflow.
Abisso Donato Boscia - Grave del Rotolo
Region: Puglia / Valle d’Itria
Location: Alberobello area
Type: Deep dry cave ending in submerged lake
Length / approach: ~1 km approach before terminal lake
Depth: 48 m underwater; ~-312 m total cave depth after dive
2026 status: RESEARCH / EXPEDITION
Explorers: GASP and multi-regional teams; Luca Pedrali and Nadia Bocchi project
KCore note: Dive begins only after a major vertical expedition including a ~130 m final shaft.
Grotta della Zinzulusa - Cocito
Region: Puglia / Salento
Location: Castro (LE)
Type: Tourist cave with restricted submerged biological zone
Length: system-scale public metric varies
Depth: shallow/moderate scientific sump
2026 status: RESTRICTED / SCIENTIFIC
Explorers: Raffaele Onorato, ASSO and research teams
KCore note: Submerged Cocito sector is biologically exceptional; not a normal recreational cave dive.
Grotta del Ciolo
Region: Puglia / Salento
Location: Santa Maria di Leuca
Type: Marine cave / cavern
Length: short/moderate
Depth: shallow
2026 status: RECREATIONAL CAVERN + TRAINING HISTORY
Explorers: Historic SSI/SNSS speleo-diving courses
KCore note: Approachable marine cavern environment, still requiring overhead awareness.
Grotta delle Corvine
Region: Puglia / Nardò
Location: Porto Selvaggio area
Type: Marine cave
Length: limited development
Depth: shallow
2026 status: RECREATIONAL / LOCAL CONDITIONS
Explorers: Documented by Raffaele Onorato
KCore note: Crossover between recreational cavern diving and biological/speleological interest.
Grotta del Serrone
Region: Campania / Monti Alburni
Location: Corleto Monforte (SA)
Type: Deep dry cave with terminal sumps
Length / approach: sump reached around -216 m from entrance
Depth: first sump ~160 m long, then second sump
2026 status: RESEARCH / EXPEDITION
Explorers: Luca Pedrali and multi-regional speleological teams
KCore note: Pure expedition speleo-diving: vertical dry-cave transport before underwater work begins.
Grotta del Falco
Region: Campania / Monti Alburni
Location: Monti Alburni
Type: River cave / terminal sump
Length / approach: terminal zone around -160 m cave depth
Depth: sump details evolving
2026 status: RESEARCH / EXPEDITION
Explorers: Regional speleological groups with visiting speleo-divers
KCore note: Southern Italian sump exploration integrated into long dry-cave expeditions.
